Into what state did the fall cause mankind to descend?

The fall refers to the original sin committed by Adam and Eve, which had a profound impact on humanity, leading to a fundamental change in their relationship with God and the inherent state of mankind. The correct answer illustrates that as a result of this fall, humanity descended into a state characterized by sin and misery.

This concept is central to the teachings of the Westminster Shorter Catechism, which articulates that the consequences of sin are profound, resulting not only in moral failings but also in a pervasive sense of suffering and despair. Sin separates humanity from God, leads to various forms of misery in life, and establishes a broken condition that affects every aspect of human existence.

The other options describe conditions that do not reflect the biblical understanding of the fallen state of mankind. An estate of righteousness and peace or knowledge and power suggests a positive state of being that is contrary to what Scripture teaches about the effects of sin. Similarly, an estate of sin and prosperity does not accurately capture the biblical narrative, as prosperity is not typically associated with the state of human nature post-fall. Thus, recognizing that humanity is in an estate of sin and misery is crucial for understanding our need for redemption and restoration.